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1. Ethyl benzoate
2. What does asthma mean (what does ba represent in medicine)
The meaning of asthma is asthma. In the medical field, asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli, reversible airflow limitation, and airway remodeling caused by prolonged disease course. Asthma patients often experience recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, which often occur or worsen at night and in the early morning. Most patients can alleviate these symptoms on their own or after treatment.
3. Pathophysiological theoretical basis: Overview of the pathogenesis of asthma
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway involving multiple cells and cellular components.
. This chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, causing recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or coughing, especially at night and/or in the morning. Typically, there is widespread and variable reversible airflow limitation in the lungs, which most patients can alleviate on their own or through treatment. Most patients have a history of familial asthma and atopic disorders. The pathogenesis of asthma is as follows: It is related to the interaction of the following factors: (1) Allergens enter the body of atopic patients, stimulate T lymphocytes, and deliver them to B lymphocytes to synthesize specific IgE. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and eosinophils. After re entering the body, allergens crosslink with IgE, causing these cells to release various active mediators, leading to smooth muscle contraction, increased mucus sec
(1) Rapid type asthma reaction: a reaction occurs simultaneously with allergen inhalation, reaching its peak within 15-30 minutes and gradually returning to normal after two hours.
(2) Delayed type asthma response: onset takes about 6 hours and lasts for a long time, up to several days. The clinical symptoms are severe, often presenting with persistent asthma symptoms and severe and persistent lung function damage. The pathogenesis is related to allergic reactions and airway inflammation.
(3) Bipolar asthma response. （2） Chronic inflammation of the airway is the essence of asthma. Manifested as infiltration and aggregation of various inflammatory cells, especially mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes, in the airway, and secretion of various inflammatory mediators and cytokines. According to the order of medium production, it can be divided into: ① Rapid release medium: Histamine; ② Secondary mediators: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor, etc. Mast cells can release histamine, eosinophil chemokines, neutrophil chemokines, and leukotrienes, among which leukotrienes are strong bronchoconstrictors that increase mucus secretion and vascular permeability. Alveolar macrophages release thromboxane, prostaglandins, and platelet activating factor. Various growth factors promote airway proliferation and reconstruction. Adhesive molecules mediate the migration of white blood cells. （3） Airway hyperresponsiveness is characterized by excessive or premature constriction of
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